Mechanical movement



2.Sheets-Sheet 1.

(No Model.)

.W. LIVINGSTONE. MECHANICAL MOVEMENT.

Patented June 16, 1896,

WITNESSES:

ATTORNEY.

I ANDREW BSRAHAM,PNOTO-LITNOWASHING'IDNDC,

(NoModeL) 2 Sheets-Sheet 2;

W. LIVINGSTONE.

MEGHANIOAL MOVEMENT.

No.. 562,086. Patented June 16, 1896.

g; /%%L am W- 1 4 Mme/ ANDREW B GRAHAM PHOTDUTHQWASHINGTDNDC,

NITED STATES PATENT FFICE.

\VILLIAM I JIVINGSTONE, OF FLUSHING, NElV YORK.

MECHANICAL MOVEMENT.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters'Patent No. 562,086, dated June 16, 1896.

Application filed September 10, 1895. Serial No. 562,098. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, WILLIAM LIVINGSTONE, a citizen of the United States, residing at Flushing, in the county of Queens and State of New York,'have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Mechanical Movements and I do hereby'declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same. I

This invention relates to means of overcoming the dead point or center in machinery where a reciprocating motion or an oscillating motion is to be converted into rotary motion; and the object of my invention is to accomplish this result by positive and direct application of force to the contrivance by which the conversion from one motion to the other is effected.

To this end the invention consists in the application of a differential or auxiliary crank to the main crank of the machine and in the adaptation of the crank-rod to act upon this differential crank as it approaches the deadpoints and thereby drive the main crank past these dead-points.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 represents a side vie. of a crank and a reciprocating crank-rod, with the crank approaching the dead-point and the device for throwing it past that point about to come into action; Fig. 2, the same, and illustrating the result of the action of the device, the crank having been driven past the dead-point. Fig. 3 represents the position of the crank just before reaching the opposite dead-point, and Fig. 4 its position after passing the same. Figs. 5 .to 8 represent the invention and the action of passing the dead-point where the crank is actuated by an oscillating bar or lever.

Referring tothe drawings, A designates a reciprocating crank-rod which maybe coupled directly to a steam piston-rod or any other motor or driving mechanism by which a reciprocating motion can be given to it. This rod carries a head B, in which is a slot S in a position at or about at right angles to the crank-rod.

The slot is peculiarly shaped and consists of an open central part with curved sides and straight-sided extremities. The crank-pin works in this slot, passing through the open part when the crank is passing the dead-points and traversing the straight extremities twice (up and down) when the crank passes the dead-points. The sides a a of the open part of the slot are oppositely curved; but they are not conterminous, as these sides are so situated as to permit the crank-pin to be driven past the dead-points positively; and to this end their position'corresponds to those points of the rotation of the crank where the force the connecting-rod exerts on the crankpin begins to lessen, say at points where the crank is about at an angle of forty-five degrees to a horizontal line drawn through its axis or to the line of motion of the rod, as shown in Figs. 1 and 3. These points being opposite one another the curves begin at different distances from the axis of the crank, as shown.

The extremities b b of the slot are straight or parallel sided except that opposite to the beginning of the curved sides a a, respectively, the sides of the extremities b b at w w, respectively, are curved slightly toward the opposite curved sides aa for the purpose of easing the movement of the crank-pin from those extremities to the curved sides. The slotted head B is also provided with tappets e e on opposite sides of the head, the former being at a point below the axis of the crank and the latter above the same, their positions being governed by the point where they are to come into action when the crank reaches the position where it is to be moved past the dead-points.

The crank O is constructed in the usual manner, having a wrist-pin f, that moves in the slot S and is acted upon by the sides of the slot and rotated thereby as the rod reciprocates. F is a differential or auxiliary crank formed on the arm of the main crank or connected therewith in a suitable rigid manner. The wrist-pin g of this diiterential crank is so placed that when the main crank arrives at its fort -five-degree points it is in position to be struck and actuated by one or the other of the tappets e e, as shown in Figs. 1 and The circle of rotation of the crank is indicated by broken lines, the arrow-heads indicating the direction of its motion, and the dead-points by the dots designated 00 Z. The crank-rod in Figs. 1 and 4 is supposed to be moving to the right, and in Figs. 2 and 3 to the left, as indicated by the arrows.

Taking Fig. 1 as representing the position of the crank at the beginning of its movement to pass the dead-point w, it will be observed that the crank is at the forty-five-degree point, or thereabout, and the crank-pin is between the curved side 10 and the opposite end of the curved side a, so that its position is such that any further movement will cause its pin to pass out of the straight part Z2 and the curved side a will permit it to pass without obstruction the dead-point as. At this point the tappet e strikes the differential crank-pin, and the crank-rod in moving to the end of its stroke causes the tappet to act on the diiferential crank-pin and thereby drive the main crank from its position in Fig. l to the position it occupies in Fig; 2, that is entirely past the dead-point 00. The crankrod having now completed its movement to the right begins to return, whereupon the crank-pinrenters the lower extremity b of the slot and the side it thereof bears directly against it and moves the crank to the position it occupies in Fig. 3, (the pin passing to the lower end of Z) and then returning again,) where the tappet, comes in contact with the differential crank-pin g, andthe curved'side a" being now in the line of motion. of the crank-pin the crank is thrown upward by the tappet to its position in Fig. 4, thereby being carried past the dead-point z. At this point the rod again arrives at the end of its movement and commences to return The crankpin moves up into andback again in the slot 1) and is moved directly by the side 72. to the position it occupies in Fig. 1, whereupon the operation is repeated.

In Figs. 5 to S the invention is shown applied to a lever or treadle and the modification of the slotted head to adapt it to work the crank by anoscillating. motion is illustrated. The slot S, it will be observed, is in a diiferent position with respect to the crank, beingformed in a generally parallel posit-ion relative to the length of the lever. The slot consists of a middle wide part connecting with the two narrower extremities b b, the sides of which, however, are not exactly parallel, and the curved sides a a of the wider part merging gradually into theadjoining sides of the extremities I) Z), as clearly shown. The tappets c c are formed on arms projecting from opposite sides of the slotted head.

The remaining parts of the device are the same in construction as inthe precedingfigxures (l to 4:) and are similarly lettered.

The operation of driving the crank past the dead-points in this application of the invention differs slightly in the action of'the parts from that first described, owing to the different motion of the operating device, but the principle of its action is the same. The point at which the crank arrives when the tappet e approaches the differential crank-pin g is at a sharper angle to the line of motion of the lever, (supposing this to be indicated by the broken line 1 2.) hen the lever reaches the position it occupies in Fig. 5, the tappet e is in position to act onthe differential crankpin, and the further downward motion of the lever to the position shown in Fig. 6 causes the tappet to throw the crank past the deadcenter aand to the position it occupies in Fig. 6, where the side it of the part b of the 'slot can act on the crank-pin directly and positively, whereby the crank is moved upward, the wrist-pin advancing and retreating in the part b as the lever rises until it reaches the point where it is shown in Fig. 7, at which time the tappet c comes into position against the differential crank-pin, and by the further movement upward of the lever the tappet drives the crank past the dead-point z to the position it occupies inFig. 8, and on the lever reversing its motion and moving downward the wrist-pin advances and 1e treats in the part b and the crank finally arrives at the position it occupies in Fig. 5, ready for the operation to be repeated.

Plates of rubber 19 may be placed in the sides of the slot and suitablysecured at points where the wrist-pin of the crank strikes when it is thrown past the dead-point to deaden the noise.

It will be observed that the widened part of the slot S is so situated with respect to the dead-points of the crank that when the'crankpin arrives at the point where thecrank rod or lever ceases to exert its full force on the crank the crank-pin" can move independently of the motion of thecrank-rod-that is, the curved sides of the slot permit the crank-pin 1 to move past the dead-center while the slotted head is moving through a space equal to the f length of the line connecting the center of the f crank-pin from the position the pin occupies 1 in Fig. 1 to that it occupies in Fig. 2.

I claim 1. A mechanical movement for overcoming the dead-point in machinery consisting in the combination witha main crank of a differential or auxiliary crank means for operating the main crank and means for operating the said differential crank independent of the means that operates the main crank whereby the differential crank is brought into action. when themain crank approaches the deadpoint, and drives the main crank past the dead-point positively and directly, substantially as specified.

2. The combination of a main crank having a crank-pin, a differential or auxiliary crank connected therewith, a part providedwith a slotted head which engages the main crankpin, the slot in the sleeve-head at one partof its length adapted to permit the crank-pin to move independently of the motion of the crank-rod, and tappets disconnected from the slot and adapted to act on the differential crank when the main crank approaches the dead-point to drive the main crank positively pets on the crank-rod to throw the main crank past the dead-point,substantially as specified. past the dead-points, substantially as speci 3. The combination of a crank-rod fitted tied. with a sleeve-head provided With a slot S, the In testimony that I claim the invention 5 middle part of which is Wider than the exabove set forth I aflix my signature in pres- I treinities, and tappets located at a distance ence of two Witnesses.

from the slotlon opposite sides of the axis of WILLIAM LIVINGSTON E. the crank, a main crank, and a differential or Witnesses: auxiliary crank connected With the main FREDK. HAYNES,

to crank and adapted to be acted on by the tap- CHAS. E. PETERS. 

